Expressive Arts Therapy

Brief History of Expressive Arts Therapy

  • 70'S

    Expressive arts therapy was founded in the early 1970s by Shaun McNiff, Paolo Knill, and Norma Canner

    at Lesley College Graduate School in Boston, now Lesley University. It emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of art therapy and incorporates diverse artistic concepts, distinguishing it from single-media art therapy.

  • 1978

    Anna Halprin and her daughter Daria Halprin

    founded the Tamalpa Institute, a dance-based expressive arts education and therapy center.

  • 80's

    Paolo Knill

    brought expressive arts therapy training to Europe and North America, promoting sensory and interactive expressive arts work. Philip Speiser and Jack Weller also developed expressive arts programs at the Scandinavian Institute for Expressive Arts in Sweden and John F. Kennedy University in California, respectively.

  • 1984

    Psychologist and artist Natalie Rogers

    Combining the strengths of her father, Carl Rogers’s, Person-centered therapy and the expressive arts, she founded the Person-centered Expressive Arts (PCEA) model and established the Person-centered Expressive Therapy Institute (PCETI).

  • 1986

    Jane Goldberg

    opens an expressive arts training academy in California.

  • 1988

    Jack Weller established a second expressive arts program at the California School of Integral Studies (CIIS),

    and in 1996, he developed a different master’s program in expressive arts therapy.

  • 1990

    Philip Speiser, Stephen Levine, Jack Weller, and Shaun McNiff

    discussed formally changing the name of expressive therapy to expressive arts therapy.

  • 1991

    Stephen and Ellen Levine

    established the Integrated School of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISIS) in Canada.

  • 1994

    Paolo Knill

    founded the European Graduate School (EGS) in Switzerland

  • 1994

    Jack Weller, Anin Utigaard, Stephen Levine, and Philip Speiser

    establish the International Expressive Arts Therapy Association (IEATA).

  • 1999

    Sally Atkins and colleagues

    offered an expressive arts therapy course at Appalachian State University in the mid-1980s, which developed into a master’s program in community counseling with major in expressive arts therapy in 1999 (McNiff, 2009).