Brief History of Expressive Arts Therapy
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70'S
Expressive arts therapy was founded in the early 1970s by Shaun McNiff, Paolo Knill, and Norma Canner
at Lesley College Graduate School in Boston, now Lesley University. It emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of art therapy and incorporates diverse artistic concepts, distinguishing it from single-media art therapy.
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1978
Anna Halprin and her daughter Daria Halprin
founded the Tamalpa Institute, a dance-based expressive arts education and therapy center.
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80's
Paolo Knill
brought expressive arts therapy training to Europe and North America, promoting sensory and interactive expressive arts work. Philip Speiser and Jack Weller also developed expressive arts programs at the Scandinavian Institute for Expressive Arts in Sweden and John F. Kennedy University in California, respectively.
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1984
Psychologist and artist Natalie Rogers
Combining the strengths of her father, Carl Rogers’s, Person-centered therapy and the expressive arts, she founded the Person-centered Expressive Arts (PCEA) model and established the Person-centered Expressive Therapy Institute (PCETI).
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1986
Jane Goldberg
opens an expressive arts training academy in California.
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1988
Jack Weller established a second expressive arts program at the California School of Integral Studies (CIIS),
and in 1996, he developed a different master’s program in expressive arts therapy.
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1990
Philip Speiser, Stephen Levine, Jack Weller, and Shaun McNiff
discussed formally changing the name of expressive therapy to expressive arts therapy.
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1991
Stephen and Ellen Levine
established the Integrated School of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISIS) in Canada.
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1994
Paolo Knill
founded the European Graduate School (EGS) in Switzerland
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1994
Jack Weller, Anin Utigaard, Stephen Levine, and Philip Speiser
establish the International Expressive Arts Therapy Association (IEATA).
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1999
Sally Atkins and colleagues
offered an expressive arts therapy course at Appalachian State University in the mid-1980s, which developed into a master’s program in community counseling with major in expressive arts therapy in 1999 (McNiff, 2009).